Regulation of Natural Monopolies by Government

Question: Examine about the Regulation of Natural Monopolies by Government. Answer: Presentation: An imposing business model alludes to the business association which keeps up selectiveness with regards to the arrangement of specific item or administration to the customers. Imposing business model can create dependent on the type of the market or normally. A characteristic imposing business model alludes to a sort of restraining infrastructure where the provider through economies of scale thinks of the most minimal expense of creation. (Vast, 2016). It is typically contended by and large that one of the methods of expanding effectiveness and decreasing costs of wares in the market is through rivalry. Rivalry forces the organizations to think of different strategies to hold and simultaneously increment the quantity of clients. One of the strategies being an effective utilization of the organization's advantages for diminish normal all out expense. Be that as it may, consider the possibility that the current market request doesn't allow an additional firm to enter the market. That is, consider the possibility that an extra passage of another organization into the market will cause an expansion in the general normal all out expenses in the business. Such a circumstance exists on account of common restraining infrastructures. Instances of regular imposing business models incorporate water, sewerage, and electric force providers. Under common syndication, it isn't reasonable to have more than one organization giving comparable utilities. For instance, it is nonsensical to have say three organizations providing electric capacity to the family units and business organizations. The reasons we can't have them is a direct result of high introductory capital required to start a national framework or system of electrical cables. Aside from the huge beginning cost, it won't be reasonable to have more than firm giving water since it will prompt duplication of assets and the normal expense of creation will likewise be high. The figure underneath delineates what will occur in the event that one and three organizations give utilities to the purchasers. In the event that the absolute interest in the business is 10,000 units and one firm gives the 10,000 units, the normal expense likewise realized the cost will be equivalent to 9. Be that as it may, on the off chance that we have three organizations, each will deliver 3,000 units which will expand the normal all out expense to 17. Along these lines, we can presume that this industry requires one firm. The principle issue or issue with regular syndications is that on the off chance that they are not controlled, they will wind up creating merchandise or administrations which less contrasted with the necessary sum and charge significant expenses thus making supernormal benefits. For instance, if power gracefully is unregulated, the providing organization will create its yield observing the standard of benefit amplification where the negligible income is equal to peripheral expense for example MR=MC. Peripheral income alludes to an additional pay achieved by selling an extra unit of the yield. (Gans, 2014). Minor expense, then again, alludes to an extra charge which the maker brings about in the creation of an extra unit of yield. This implies if the salary because of deals is equivalent or more prominent than cost which a firm brings about underway, at that point the exchange can occur. The firm will create the yield at a point where the minimal income is less contrasted with the cost charged. This will bring about an expansion in deadweight misfortune. Deadweight misfortune alludes to a financial misfortune which happens as an outcome of the wasteful portion of assets. (McEachern, 2012). It is probably going to occur in a circumstance where there is disequilibrium between the gracefully and request. From the figure underneath, deadweight is spoken to by the territory between the negligible cost bend and the interest bend which speaks to underproduction. Customers for the most part feel that cost charged for a decent or administration isn't sensible contrasted with the item's apparent advantages. (Mankiw, 2014). This off-base discernment causes the purchasers to avoid away from the item, and this prompts lower deals. This implies the negligible expense acquired during creation will be not exactly the value which is a pointer of wastefulness corresponding to asset designation. Wasteful distribution of assets implies that the firm is delivering considerably less yield than the necessary sum and at similar charges significant expenses which means acquiring of supernormal benefits. In another situation, the characteristic monopolist can choose to deliver the yield to a point where the cost of the ware rises to the minor expense for example P=MC. Now, the peripheral social advantage is proportional to minimal social expense. To the shoppers, this is the best choice since the cost of the merchandise and ventures is low, and there are no deadweight costs. This can be shown by the diagram underneath. Based the chart above we can see that a buyer will be charged POPT which is far underneath the normal all out expense at the given amount. At the point when the normal all out expense is underneath value, the firm will lose the salary and the main path business in this kind of circumstance can be recovered and endure is through government endowments. This calls for government mediation through control of yield and the cost. The administration may choose to set up a value roof for the utilities at where the cost is identical to the organization's minimal expense. Nonetheless, this will prompt a situation where the cost is not exactly the normal expense, and this can bring about awful misfortunes. A superior controlled cost under this kind of market is the place the firm is permitted to charge a reasonable bring cost back. A reasonable return is a value which is identical to the complete normal absolute expense of the venture. In financial matters, this is the value which will empower the business to gain a typical benefit. Most governments have thought of better techniques to control the normal imposing business models. One of most famous procedure is setting up a cost where the normal expense of a characteristic restraining infrastructure is equivalent to its interest. This implies the organization will win a typical benefit which is sufficient to prop the business up. The acquiring of ordinary benefits will infer proficient assignment of assets and increment in the government assistance of the buyers. After government mediation, the normal monopolist organization will offer its products or administrations to the client at the crossing point between the normal cost (AC) and request (D). This implies the client will be paying for the merchandise and enterprises at Pac as appeared in the figure above. Setting up a standard cost by the administration to the characteristic restraining infrastructures guarantees that the organizations observe or hold fast to explicit guidelines of value. (Arnold, 2010). Once in a while firms working under the syndications may neglect to watch quality in the arrangement of products and enterprises because of less motivation. In any case, through government mediation, such an organization can give quality items and administrations. Aside from controlling the characteristic imposing business models through evaluating, the central government can likewise control the normal syndications through different methods, for example, through yield control. Here and there the characteristic restraining infrastructures may bring down the amount of the creation or lessen the nature of the merchandise or administrations and charge significant expenses prompting acquiring of anomalous benefits. However, the administration will guarantee that the correct yield is accessible and right cost is charged to the customers. It is critical to take note of that the control of the restraining infrastructures by the administration doesn't turn out the manner in which it is assumed. The control of the characteristic restraining infrastructures either through valuing, yield or benefits mutilates the motivating forces for the people working the normal imposing business model. For instance, if the administration chooses to control the benefit s and guarantee that the organization doesn't win the financial benefits and rather gets ordinary benefits, at that point the firm will have almost no motivator to diminish the expenses. Moreover, control of the normal imposing business models expects one to have data concerning the current expenses in the business. Getting information concerning the expenses caused by the firm isn't anything but difficult to procure both for the regular syndication and the administration. Once in a while the normal syndications may control the figures to a specific level which won't uncover the situation of the organization. The assortment of exact and solid information by the authorities of the firm might be hard because of absence of motivating forces to help in information gathering. Different financial researchers have concocted various hypotheses or models which attempt to clarify the idea of business guideline by the administration. One of the speculations is the open intrigue hypothesis. This financial model built up by Arthur Cecil Pigou attests that control or guideline is intended to serve the enthusiasm of general society and not explicit people in the general public. It is expected under this hypothesis that the market is fragile to be relinquished and there is the need to have impartial judge which for this situation is the administration. The model additionally accept that the control of the organizations, for example, regular imposing business models is intended to guarantee a proficient dispersion of the assets through yield augmentation and minimization of difference. Extra the hypothesis accept that the authorities chose the wellbeing of the general public. Be that as it may, the model has gotten very a few reactions whereby it is typically appeare d differently in relation to the open decision model which is pessimistic concerning government intentions and conduct. The other guideline hypothesis is catch hypothesis. This hypothesis expresses that the organization controlling the business will consistently screen the area which is being controlled. The vast majority of the authorities in the control board are generally comprised of forthcoming or previous laborers of the undertaking and much of the time; the people advance wastefulness rather than productivity. (Markova, 2009). The controls are intended to serve the normal enthusiasm of the organizations in the business. Another guideline hypothesis is the open decision hypothesis which states the control is relied upon to serve the administration controllers' inclinations. The controllers are bound to support a control or guideline which gives increasingly administrative force. The guideline o

Essay Question An Inspector Calls Example For Students

Article Question An Inspector Calls Produce an empathic reaction to character and subjects in An Inspector Calls putting together your reaction with respect to pretend exercises, which shows your comprehension of the recorded, social and social settings in the play. An Inspector Calls was composed post-World War Two around 1945. It is set in 1912, not long before World War One started. In the stage creation, the play is presented with some 1940s dressed youngsters entering the play from a bring forth in the obvious piece of the stage. The stage is unusually twisted downwards towards the left of the stage, and a pay phone with crushed windows is inclining inwards towards it. There is a 1940s radio on the right, which a little fellow kicks until is starts producing wartime music. An alarm starts ringing, the kids run underneath the shade and the window ornament lifts. In front of an audience is a house on a road, with a road light and a littler variant of the house towards the rear of the stage. The sky is dull and overcast, and it is coming down. An elderly person, Edna the servant, sits close to the house on a little seat. The family sit inside the house. The Inspector first enters the play from the assembly hall in a spooky and vile manner and is nearly on the phase before the crowd register his quality. He enters as though he has originated from somewhere else, in a scary and nearly Christ-like way. He hands the kid an orange and the kid runs off. This may connote the incongruity that the play was written in the mid 1940s (WW2) and set in 1912(WW1), and the shortage of oranges at both of these occasions. The family are sat in the little house, eating and drinking joyfully. The family are having a celebratory supper due to Sheila Birlings commitment to Gerald Croft. The Inspector makes his essence known and addresses Arthur Birling first, advising him regarding a little youngsters fruitful self destruction attempt. Id like some data, on the off chance that you dont mind, Mr Birling. Two hours prior a young lady passed on in the Infirmary. Shed been taken there this evening in light of the fact that shes gulped a great deal of solid disinfectant. The Inspector shows Arthur a photo, and Arthur recollects the person in question, one of his ex-representatives, Eva Smith. Arthur sacked her, as she needed a compensation rise. They needed the rates raised so they could average twenty-five shillings per week. I cannot, obviously. This entry shows how Arthur has an avaricious and narrow minded side, insatiability being one of the fundamental topics in the play. Sheila is close to be grilled by the Inspector. The Inspector reveals to her that after she got sacked by Mr Birling, Eva went for an occupation at Milwards, one of Sheilas most loved garments shops. She was taken on in a shop-and a decent shop too-Milwards. He shows Shelia a photo of Eva and she cries. Sheila lost Eva her position at Milwards which helped lead to the self destruction. I got a quick look at her grinning at the partner, and I was irate with her. I went to the supervisor at Milwards and I revealed to him that on the off chance that they didnt dispose of that young lady, Id never go close to the spot again and Id convince Mother to close our record with them. Eva was released right away. These entries show how Sheila was avaricious and made Milwards dispose of Eva Smith so as to keep her record. It shows how Sheila was envious and voracious. The Inspector next converses with Sheilas fianc Gerald Croft. Eva Smith obviously changed her name to Daisy Renton, and this name Gerald perceives. Presently she needed to take a stab at something different. So first she changed her name to Daisy Renton.â What? shouts Gerald. It turns out Gerald had an unsanctioned romance with Eva, which kept going numerous months until they separated in the principal seven day stretch of September. Eva as far as anyone knows took it well overall however this occasion despite everything helped towards her self destruction. .ue68bcd8faeafe585320105dd82a65f82 , .ue68bcd8faeafe585320105dd82a65f82 .postImageUrl , .ue68bcd8faeafe585320105dd82a65f82 .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .ue68bcd8faeafe585320105dd82a65f82 , .ue68bcd8faeafe585320105dd82a65f82:hover , .ue68bcd8faeafe585320105dd82a65f82:visited , .ue68bcd8faeafe585320105dd82a65f82:active { border:0!important; } .ue68bcd8faeafe585320105dd82a65f82 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ue68bcd8faeafe585320105dd82a65f82 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ue68bcd8faeafe585320105dd82a65f82:active , .ue68bcd8faeafe585320105dd82a65f82:hover { obscurity: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ue68bcd8faeafe585320105dd82a65f82 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relati ve; } .ue68bcd8faeafe585320105dd82a65f82 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content adornment: underline; } .ue68bcd8faeafe585320105dd82a65f82 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ue68bcd8faeafe585320105dd82a65f82 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enhancement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue68bcd8faeafe585320105dd82a65f82:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ue68bcd8f aeafe585320105dd82a65f82 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ue68bcd8faeafe585320105dd82a65f82-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ue68bcd8faeafe585320105dd82a65f82:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Dickens representation of England EssayAfter Gerald left her, Eva went to Sybil Birlings Womens Organization to look for help. From the outset she called herself Mrs Birling, a lot to Sybils disturb, and later lied to the advisory group. They in the end dismissed her. Sybil was ravenous and would not help Eva, leaving her in the city and significantly increasingly discouraged. The Inspector reveals that Eva was pregnant when she went for asylum at Sybils lodging, and the dad was Eric. Eric returns to the family and concedes all. I wasnt in adoration with her or anything besides I loved her. She revealed to me she would have an infant. Eric additionally concedes he took cash to help her I got it-from the workplace . Eric was ravenous when he took the cash and when he didn't remain by Eva. Greed assumes a significant job in the play, as it is the base of the entirety of the Birlings botches and is sorted as one of the plays numerous subjects, alongside duty, great and shrewdness, and aggregate obligation. Eva Smith is viewed as a nonexclusive character, speaking to every single such individuals from her social class and particularly ladies in her situation, for example mistreated specialists, or ladies into prostitution. There are numerous Eva Smiths. There are additionally matches among Eva and the Everyman character from a mid sixteenth century profound quality play. This character represents contest among great and malice subjects in An Inspector Calls. She additionally has matches with Eve from the Bible-ravenousness was the first sin from the earliest starting point of time and was the start of Evas problems. Eric, especially, isn't entirely dependable when he turns into the dad of Evas infant, and with his drinking propensities. He takes cash from his dad, which shows outrageous proportions of flippancy. When Gerald goes with Eva he is acting recklessly as he is expected to wed Sheila. Another key subject in An Inspector Calls is aggregate obligation.

Like a Polaroid Picture

Like a Polaroid Picture DID YOU KNOW? Frank Zappa played The Pope on an episode of Ren and Stimpy. To begin with, a World Cup fan with the fortuitous name of Go argentina! observed yesterday: Emmm Sam I dont think you are much of a football (soccer) fan eh? Your comments sounds like a girls who is trying to sound interested in a game that her boyfriend plays :}} Well, the answer is, no, Ive never really watched soccer before in my life, but the nature of my comments comes not so much from a lack of enthusiasm as a lack of knowledge of the game. Ive been watching a full game almost every night, sometimes alone and sometimes with 40,000 English fans in Kv?ln, and I have to say that just watching the game is way more exciting than just about any American sport Ive ever watched (including four years of service in high school marching band). I mean, it just never stops, does it? And, yes, I probably dont appreciate the intricacies of passing the ball and I dont really understand how offsides works yet, but I figured that somebody getting a bloody nose in USA-Italy just meant it was eve more action-packed than usual. Schadenfreude. And beyond just watching the games, as an MIT student Im naturally fascinated with the scoring system and advancement of teams to the round of 16 how France are almost assured to advance if they defeat Togo by more than two goals, and how Argentina scored 5 more goals than the Netherlands, so they are in first place, or how Tunisia will advance if they defeat Ukraine and Saudia Arabia fail to defeat Spain. So I went to Wikipedia and looked all that up. And then I found the statistics! For example, out of the group of 7 countries that have won the World Cup, none of them have lost when playing in their home country, EXCEPT Brazil in the so-called maracanazo. And that statistic is why I am so giddy with anticipation that we have booked train tickets to Berlin for the weekend of the Finale. So, I realized that I hadnt done an entry on MIT in a while, and these two thingsreading World Cup statistics and making train, plane, and hostel reservations onlinegot me to thinking about what, exactly, Ive gotten out of MITs chemical engineering program so far. I figure you can go look at pictures of the French Riviera in a book or a travel guide or something if I dont get around to posting them until next week. Im not an economics major or anything, but MITs engineering program does have you actually thinking about money sometimes. A lot of problem sets in junior-level classes made me not only determine apparent degradation constants, fluid mechanical parameters, and non-ideal gas law relations, but also made me take these answers and apply them to real-world situations. If a company were to use a smaller diameter for a pipe, how much more heat would they need to add to the system to operate at the necessary temperature? And how much product would be produced? So if heat costs 10 cents per kilojoule and product costs 20 dollars per gram, and taking apart the system will take 1 month, would you suggest that the company should go with this system? But wait, would the system explode and kill everybody if you operated at that temperature? Better assess the stability of the eigenvalues. The classes taken in senior year, Integrated Chemical Engineering (affectionately called ICE and ICE-T) feature suggested by industry representatives and consultants who faced similar challenges in their careers. Even in 10.10: Introduction to Chemical Engineering, the final project involved a fictional corporation trying to evaluate the profitability of its process under a variety of conditions. For example, would it be better to hire ships to cart away toxic waste or to retrofit the entire plant to meet new environmental standards? We modelled the process, almost down to the molecular level, using MATLAB, and changed various parameters in the code as necessary to model certain elements of the process. At the time, I thought it was a tremendously stupid and poorly-implemented project. (it did end up that it was far better to retrofit the plant to deal with the toxic gas, bringing an overall message of environmentalism and sustainability to the project) The curriculum doesnt work this way just for engineering classes. I can fondly recall my 7.06: Cell Biology final exam, where one of the problems involved a dog which, due to something unfortunate happening in its stem cells, could recognize only one smell. I think the goal of the problem was ultimately to design a series of tests to figure out the exact nature of the mutation. Although most tests in 7.06 worked on a similar design-your-own-experiment basis (with open notes), its still one of my favorite test questions ever. Instead of asking what the endoplasmic reticulum connects to, Professor Lodish had us figure out what to do with a sad little dog that can only smell one thing. Today I was booking a flight to London for Ling 07 and myself, and at the last moment I discovered that there was a hidden service charge of 10 ??? because I was using a Visa card. Now, the tickets we were buying were relatively cheap, so I totally wanted to barf out when I saw that. The only way to avoid the service charge was to transfer money out of my German bank account to buy the ticket. However, I had insufficient funds, and there are flat and percentage fees associated with depositing a check from my American bank into the account, or having money wired over. I thought about it for just a minute or two so would it really be cheaper for me to use my German bank account? How much money would be the best amount to transfer? Would that be more than 10 ???? Can I even make it to the bank on time? Could I wait until Monday? Did it look like tickets would be higher in price by Monday? How much extra would that be? Are there other websites to look at? And then I realized that all these questions and all the engineering approximations I was making to answer them in my head were just like that stupid 10.10 project I did almost two years ago. And it doesnt just work that way with plane tickets Ling and I have done the same thing when were figuring out timings for train reservations, or booking hostels for 9 people in Berlin, or trying to visit four cities in Italy by train in four and a half days. I do it when Im grocery shopping or planning my day after work. Situations that you could never encounter in an MIT class, but where you just have to take the things you know and the resources you have available, sit down, and work it all out in your head before the deadline. I already forgot how the Leimgruber-Batcho synthesis of indole works, although I still like bringing it up in conversation. And maybe someday I wont remember how to take a 1H-NMR. But I think problem set after problem set has taught me a different way to look at situations in the world. This summer has shown me that even if I have a problem in a totally foreign environment, whether its a spectroscopy lab or a German supermarket, I can figure out what questions to ask, get the answers, and find a solution as long as there is only one, and it is numerical. And I think thats what I got out of MIT so far. NEXT UP: Okay, Im going to Munich this weekend, but I will not abide another entry without pictures.

How Neoliberalism Has Changed The World - 1221 Words

This essay aims to identify how neoliberalism has changed the way we do business in particular managerial strategies to maintain competiveness and adapt to changing market conditions. Firstly, I will briefly explain the term neoliberalism and how it has affected the world. Secondly, I will explain how neoliberalism has influenced managers and their strategic reforms. Thirdly, I will further explain the importance of strategizing and planning in regards to managers in today’s market. Finally, the conclusion will summarise the preceding points of the essay aimed to argue that neoliberalism has changed the world including the way managers strategize and think in today’s economy. The term Neoliberalism was introduced around the 1990’s which was perceived to be the future for a free market economy. Essentially it originated from the idea that an economy would work more efficiently in the hands of the private sector. At the time there were many anti neoliberalism and anti-globalisation activists protesting governments against free markets fearing foreign threat in regards to the country’s factor endowments (Davies 2014, p. 309). The concept behind Neoliberalism is that the global market and its resources are shared equally, in other words becoming a free market economy where government does not intervene, creating more innovation consequently affecting trade and globalisation (Styhre 2014, p. 270). The reality of the story today is far from what is was set out to be,Show MoreRelatedInternational Relation Theory And International Relations Theory1395 Words   |  6 PagesThrough music, the international relation theories can relate to the hidden messages about the song through the language. The two theories that best explain the songs, Imagine by John Lennon and Only Prettier by Miranda Lambert are neoliberalism and constructivism. Neoliberalism is an international relations theory in which, states cooperate together to reach a common goal. There is also the belief that states are self-interested. The states can disagree with their views, but cooperate together as a wholeRead MoreThe Genealogy And Origin Of Neoliberal Globalization1493 Words   |  6 Pagesorigin of neoliberal globalization began in the second half of the 20th century. Neoliberalism came into existence as form of government in many countries around the world. Neoliberalism is essentially a reassertion of class power where the rich become richer and with the removal of bureaucratic and state hurdles one is able to facilitate and strengthen the deregulation of capitalism. To the individual, neoliberalism implies that rationality, individuality, and self-interest guide all actions. It’sRead MoreThe Evolution Of Higher Education1469 Words   |  6 PagesThe Evolution of Higher Education Higher education has continued to evolve just as society has in its accessibility and purpose in surviving its students. In Mark Edmundson’s On the uses of a liberal education: 1. as lite entertainment for bored college students, he discusses how consumer culture has turned every aspect of higher education into a buyer’s market which students feed into. William Deresiewicz’s The Neoliberal Arts: How college sold its should to the market expands on this idea fromRead MoreThe Neoliberal Arts : How Colleges Have Sold Their Soul939 Words   |  4 PagesIn September of 2015, Harper’s Magazine published William Deresiewicz’s essay The Neoliberal Arts: How colleges have sold their soul to the market. In this essay, Deresiewicz discusses how colleges have changed their mindset over the last century and how the world’s new neoliberal thinking has changed higher education for the worse. Deresiewicz believes that â€Å"The purpose of education in a neoliberal age is to produce producers.†(1) In his introduction, Deresiewicz compares the ideologies of collegesRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On Journalism On A Global Scale1677 Words   |  7 Pagesrole in media industries as well as spatial, economic and political inequalities. To understand this concept cultural labour, indigenous media practises as well as impacts of neoliberalism will need to be addressed to establish the impact of intensifies market forces on journalism on a global scale. (Lechner, 2002) Neoliberalism is the political monetary standard of our time- it alludes to the approaches and techniques whereby a relative handful of private hobbies are allowed to control however muchRead MoreThe Act Of Gift Giving1231 Words   |  5 PagesThe act of gift giving has become largely commercialized in the Western world. Diving a level deeper by converting a gifted item into an item avaiable for resale c reates an even more commerical approach to this act of kindness. In the film Babel(2006), the director Alejandro Gonzà ¡lez Ià ±Ãƒ ¡rritu employs the message that when something is converted into a capital good it becomes dangerous. Babel(2006) follows four interrelated sets of situations and characters across the world united by one item. A gunRead MoreAre Identities Do Not Exist? A Vacuum?1321 Words   |  6 Pagesupon us, formed and reinforced through all manners of social pressures but, in particular, through consumption itself, as well as how we consume. This is particularly true for the binary way in which gender is defined – ouridentities as â€Å"male,† â€Å"female,† or otherwise. Our possessions, things, come to have personal significance and meaning to us and how we exist in this world. More than that, we come to view people the same way we view a product – one more thing to be consumed and added to our collectionRead MoreAdult Education Thr oughout Changing Times By Marion Bowl1366 Words   |  6 PagesIt conveys how the structure of adult education has been impacted by local contexts and beliefs as well as global trends of neoliberalism. The book encapsulates the changing of the philosophies, policies and career within the domain of adult education over the past 40 years in England as well as in New Zealand. The new economic policies or neoliberalism discourses have been impacted on adult educators whether in their principles, work, or either career expectations. It also explores how this implicationRead MoreThe Economics And Social Hierarchy Essay1621 Words   |  7 PagesNeoliberalism is defined as the way in which our government approaches the economics and social hierarchy in our society. (Neoliberalism, 2015) states that it is an approach to economics and social studies in which control of economic factors is shifted from the public to the private sector. Neoliberalism are giving more attention towards schools that do not necessarily need this as much as the other schools, in order to make the government look better and are more in support of neoliberalism. SchoolsRead MoreSystematic Economic Change And Poverty Reduction1736 Words   |  7 PagesJames Stewart Matias Bianchi LAS/POL 364 11/2/2015 Systematic Economic Change and Poverty Reduction: The Effects of Governance on Inequality Liberalization is a term that has dominated the minds, and governments of Latin America from the advent of the region-encompassing debt-crisis of the 1980s. Many reforms, with the idea of opening up the market and reducing barriers to trade in order to increase growth, control inflation, and reduce social unrest, have taken hold in the region in notable countries

Should Bullying Be More Appropriate Laws That Prevent...

Have you ever heard of the saying, â€Å"Sticks and stone may break my bones, but words will never hurt me†? Your teacher may have told you this when you were being bullied during recess, or maybe you overheard this after your classmate was bullied because of his or her new haircut. Well, people have the freedom to speak freely; even if what is being said is hurtful. There are many laws out there that apply to bullying but don’t seem to end the problem, due to the fact that some say it interferes their freedom or believe it should be the parents’ responsibility to handle the situation. As a result, millions around the world get bullied whether it’s face to face or behind a screen on the internet. Therefore, there should be more appropriate laws that prevent bullying. Bullying is typically described as someone who uses power to physically and/or mentally to intimidate someone weaker. There are three forms of bullying. Verbal that can be said or written; taunting, inappropriate comments, and threatening. Social involves hurting someone’s reputation or relationship; spreading rumors, leaving someone out on purpose, and embarrassing someone in public. Physical involves hurting a person’s body or their personal possessions; it includes any form of physical pain. This negative behavior is a massive problem among school aged children that’s repeated or has potential to repeat over time. According to KeepSchoolSafe.com, 160,000 students miss school each day for fear of being bulliedShow MoreRelatedBullying And Victims Of Bullying1607 Words   |  7 PagesRationale: Bullying has become a relevant and serious problem over the past decade, especially among children between the ages of 4 and 16. Bullying is defined as unwanted, aggressive behaviors such as threats, spreading rumors, or attacking someone physically or emotionally. Additionally, in recent years cyber-bullying, which is considered bullying on the Internet, has increased. Not only can bullying cause detrimental problems in the future for the victim but, research shows that the bully him/herselfRead MoreWhy Some Schools Don t Have Bullies Article Essay1329 Words   |  6 Pagesarticle focus on finding solutions to eradicate bullying. Bullying is repeated acts of unwanted aggression and abuse of power that take a wide variety of forms. Some of the forms of bullying are physical and verbal aggression which can be categorized as direct or indirect behavior. When direct physical bullying occurs, it will involve someone being attacked physically through punching, kicking and stomping, wher eas when indirect physically bullying occurs, it will involve someone being excluded fromRead MoreDifference Between Front Staff And Manager s Perception Of Bullying767 Words   |  4 Pagesa difference between front staff and manager’s perception of bullying? Literature review The workplace bullying institute (2014) defined workplace bullying as the repeated, health-harming mistreatment of one or more persons (the targets) by one or more perpetrators. Workplace bullying behaviors include verbal abuse, victimization, humiliation, being threatened, physical abuse, work sabotage and professional disregard. Workplace bullying is a prevalent disruptive behavior that creates an unconduciveRead MoreBullying And Its Effect On Children1640 Words   |  7 Pagesinformation available to parents, teachers, lawyers and professionals on how to handle bullying, ways to prevent it as well as explaining what bullying is. My stance is that there should be more steps taken to prevent bullying. On this website, a person is able to see what all the types of harassment are. Harassment ranges from sexual, racial, disability to gender. In elementary school, I too went through bullying because of my disability. I know that it can be hard for a student to get through theRead More Prevention And Intervention Of Cyber Bullying Essay1458 Words   |  6 Pagestopic of cyber-bullying, since there wasn’t much research on the topic up until that point. In Bullying Beyond the Schoolyard (2009), the authors paint a picture of the online aggressions adolescents are facing on a daily basis. Hinduja Patchin (2009) included stories of victims, ongoing research on cyber bullying, and an overall review of current legislature pertaining to the topic. The authors also highlight prevention and intervention strategies to educate students, parents, law enforcementsRead MoreThe Effects Of Bullying On The Health Care Industry1437 Words   |  6 PagesLiterature Review Bullying is a prevalent problem that has existed in the health care industry for a long time, but people did not want to talk about it and it was kept as an ugly secret. When the occurrence of misbehavior increased over time, health care providers started breaking the silence. The evidence of bullying has shown the effect on patient outcomes as well as the victims. According to studies, nurses particularly younger age females are more susceptible to bullying than any other healthRead MoreBullying Those with Special Needs and Disabilities Essay1026 Words   |  5 PagesBullying is mean and mean stinks. Bullying, however, goes well beyond mean. The term is commonly defined as the use of force or coercion to abuse or intimidate others. In order to be considered bullying, the behavior must be aggressive and include an intentional act to hurt or harm someone, an imbalance of power and repetition† (Lohmann). However defined, bullying is ugly and hurtful and cruel and should be take n very seriously. Children with disabilities are at an even greater risk of being bulliedRead MoreThe Issue of Cyberbullying1694 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Cyber bullying A Criminal Offense Introduction Should cyberbullying be considered a crime? What are the punishments for cyberbullying? What kinds of behaviors are categorized as cyberbullying? This paper reviews those issues and provides supporting literature. Thesis: Cyberbullying has become far more than a nuisance and a distraction in public schools and hence strict rules should be enacted to deter cyberbullying. When a state legislature passes a criminal law in order to dissuade studentsRead MoreEssay about Schools and Parents Must Be Held Accountable for Bullying1709 Words   |  7 Pages Bullying and cyber-bullying have increased tremendously in past six years. With the increased popularity of Facebook, bullies are finding a new way of tormenting victims. Suicide is the third leading cause of death in teens, with bullying being one of the leading causes. Legal standings on who is accountable have not been clear and when cases are brought forth the infrequent use of laws holding parents and schools responsible is glaring. It is time to make bigger strides on holding parents and schoolRead MoreWe Need to Pay Attention to Bullying and Cyber Bullying2451 Words   |  10 PagesViolated. Trapped. Afraid. These are the feelings of young victims of cyber bullying. Bullying has metamorphosed into so much more than face-to-face interactions. Now, children cannot escape the torture when they leave social situations. The torment follows them home and has transformed into words laced with hatred and animosity. Behind computer screens, the oppressors may remain anonymous, creating fear of the unknown. Unnamed and unidentified, these online bullies can instill terror in the hearts

Alcoholism 11 Free Essays

Alcoholism Alcoholism is one of the biggest medical problems in the Western world. Alcohol has been around since biblical times. The problem continues to grow every year and has a negative impact on society. We will write a custom essay sample on Alcoholism 11 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Nearly every town and city has restaurants that serve alcohol, and has stores where it can be purchased. For these reasons, the nature of alcoholism needs to be exposed. The problems that arise from this disease need to be shown. The purpose of this paper is to talk about the problem, the cause and effects, and the treatment process. Alcoholism is the habitual or compulsive consumption of alcoholic liquor to excess according to Webster’s New World Dictionary. An alcoholic has no control over drinking and continues to use alcohol even though adverse consequences occur (Hurley 71). Alcohol affects the alcoholic’s family and work, they ignore responsibilities and assignments. In nineteen fifty six alcoholism was recognized as a disease by the American Medical Association. Fishman 28) When the National Council for Education on Alcoholism (now known as the National Council on Alcohol and Drug Dependency) was formed, their first and most prominent principle was, â€Å"Alcoholism is a disease† (Nicolaus 136). The disease has serious consequences on the drinker and society as well. Even though there is much concern about drugs, next to tobacco, alcohol is the most widely used drug in the United States (Hurley 71). Alcohol impaired drivers caused thirty two percent of traffic related fatalities in two thousand eight (â€Å"Alcohol Impaired Driving†). In 1996 nearly thirty six percent of incarcerated criminals were under the influence of alcohol when committing their crime (â€Å"Alcohol and Crime†). Indeed, alcoholism has become a public concern, since it had begun to influence society as well. There are two types of alcoholism, alcohol abuse and alcohol dependency. An example of alcohol abuse is random binge drinking. A person is alcohol dependent when that person can’t stop drinking without withdrawal symptoms. â€Å"There is no known cause of alcoholism. † (Van Voorhees) Alcoholism is described as a drug addiction. There are several factors that play in its development. They are divided into two main groups, psychological and social. Psychological factors include anxiety relief, conflict in relationships, depression and low self-esteem. Some examples of social factors are the ease of getting alcohol, peer pressure, social acceptance of alcohol use, and a stressful lifestyle. (Van Voorhees) There are other factors that lead to excessive drinking. â€Å"Research suggests that certain genes may increase the risk of alcoholism, but which genes or how they work is not known. (Van Voorhees) Studies have shown that family history is a factor as well. People whose parents abused alcohol have a higher risk of alcoholism. It is a given that alcoholism leads to physical and mental problems. But how does excessive consumption of alcohol affect the daily life of alcoholics? What are the effects of alcoholism in everyday life? The organ most sensitive to alcohol is the brain. The cerebrum is affected first. It is in control of sensation, perception, speech, and judgment. The cerebellum is the second part of the brain affected. The cerebellum is responsible for coordination and balance. A person under the influence of alcohol will have slurred speech, loss of balance and uncoordinated movements. The excessive alcohol user is usually unable to judge accurately what he or she can or cannot do. Drinking alcohol increases confidence and diminishes abilities. This misplaced confidence often leads people to judge themselves competent to perform tasks that are beyond their abilities. (Fishman 37-41) An alcoholic’s job and family are also affected by alcoholism. In couples it affects communication, which in turn, increases conflict levels. It has also been proven that domestic violence increases in alcoholic families. Alcohol use affects parenting. Family life can become chaotic and have poor quality environment. The children are exposed to the parent’s increased conflict (â€Å"Alcohol and the Family†). An alcoholic’s attendance to work is affected by drinking. They are chronically late and their productivity is decreased. The effects of alcohol in everyday life can be further explained through specific examples. In terms of finances, an alcoholic would be irresponsible. The bills would not be paid on time, prompting the collection agencies to take action. An alcoholic would not be stable enough to manage his or her own money; thus, incapacity for money management is an effect of alcoholism in everyday life. In terms of employment or schooling, an alcoholic is most likely to be tardy. However, the person can altogether skip school or work to drink. Even socializing with friends is affected by alcoholism. An alcoholic usually does not like it when other people offer their opinion about his or her drinking habits. He or she is irritated by comments and critiques of their drinking. As a result, the alcoholic would soon drink in secrecy. Another effect of alcoholism in everyday life is the lapses in memory and interest. Due to the aforementioned effect on the brain, it follows that even memory is not spared from the dangers of alcohol. Alcoholics usually suffer from â€Å"blackouts† (Fishman 40). These are instances when they could not remember appointments and the like. Moreover, the activities that the person used to enjoy would cease to be enjoyable, due to the effect of alcoholism (Fishman 42). These are some of the examples of how alcoholism affects everyday life. Alcoholism is a treatable disease. There are treatments available for this condition, and several medications have made it possible for alcoholics to fully recover. In the treatment of alcoholism, there are several steps to take into account: intervention, detoxification and rehabilitation (Fishman 60). The first step is intervention. It takes someone else to point out the problem for them to realize that they need to get help. The most familiar approach in intervention is the confrontation between alcoholics and the concerned party. It was only recently when studies have shown that intervention would be more effective if it was done with â€Å"compassion and empathy† (Medline). The next step is detoxification. The objective of this step is to stop the drinking of alcoholic beverages. This phase in the treatment is tough for the alcoholic, as the intake of alcohol will suddenly be stopped. That is why detoxification usually takes place in an inpatient set-up, in which the environment is â€Å"controlled and supervised† (Van Voorhees). During the process, every medication is cautiously measured to hinder withdrawal from taking place. The moment the symptoms of withdrawal are absent, the giving of medications would be gradually stopped. The duration of detoxification usually lasts from four to seven days. These days, there is a kind of detoxification that is in the outpatient set-up, but still under the guidance of a physician. While in detoxification treatment, it is important that the patient has a balanced diet, as well as vitamin supplements. This is because there are complications that happen with alcohol withdrawal, and the patient must be as healthy as possible (Fishman 83-84). If the detoxification process stops people from consuming alcohol, the rehabilitation process guides people to fully recover by staying away from alcohol (Van Voorhees). This fourth step in the treatment is more comprehensive, as it prepares the patient for complete recovery in the long run. Not only does rehabilitation stop people from drinking, it allows them to create a network of support to encourage their continuous road to recovery. Rehabilitation programs usually involve â€Å"counseling, psychological support, therapy, education and skills training† (Fishman 85-88). There are two kinds of rehabilitation programs: the short-term and the long-term programs (Fishman 89). The former requires less than a month, while the latter could range from a month to a year or longer. There is also the outpatient counseling option, which is suitable for those who have just finished an inpatient treatment. Aside from this, there are the support groups dedicated to the endeavor of recovery of alcoholics. Examples of which include SMART Recovery, Women for Sobriety, and Alcoholics Anonymous (Van Voorhees). There are three recognized medications in treating alcoholism. The first one is Disulfiram. The medicine works by disrupting the metabolism of alcohol, causing a metabolite that would make the person sick if he drinks even a small amount of alcohol about two weeks after taking the medicine. The second drug is Acamprosate. It is believed that this drug helps people to abstain from alcohol; it also decreases the symptoms that come with abstinence (â€Å"Alcoholism†). The third drug is Naltrexone, which works on the brain to decrease alcohol cravings (Barbour 145-146). It is crucial that people are made aware of the causes, effects and treatments of alcoholism. This awareness would help prevent the problem of alcoholism. People should be reminded that alcoholism is not just the problem of an individual but also of society. Works Cited Alcohol and the Family. Aug 2004. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Web. 15 Dec 2009. . Barbour, Scott. Alcohol. San Diego: Greenhaven Pr, 1998. 145-146. Print. Fishman, Ross. Alcohol and alcoholism. New York, NY: Chelsea House Pub, 1986. Print Hurley, Jennifer. Addiction. San Diego: Greenhaven Pr, 2000. Print. â€Å"MayoClinic. com. † Alcoholism. 08 May 2008. Mayo foundation for Medical Education and Research. Web. 15 Dec 2009 . National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Alcohol-Impaired Driving. , 2008. Web. 28 Nov. 2009. Neufeldt, Victoria, and David Guralnik. Webster. 3rd college. New York, NY: Webster, 1989. Print. Nicolaus, Martin. Empowering Your Sober Self. 1st. San Francisco, CA: Jossy-Bass, 2009. Print. United States Department of Justice. Alcohol and Crime. , 2008. Web. 28 Nov 2009. Van Voorhees, Benjamin. â€Å"MedlinePlus. † Alcoholism. 15 Jan 2009. Web. 15 Dec 2009. . How to cite Alcoholism 11, Papers

The Laborer by diego rivera free essay sample

Diego Rivera’s artwork is very unique and is still very popular today. Diego Rivera, who is arguably one of the most important 20th Century Latin American artists, who was only eighteen years old at the time, painted â€Å"El Albanil† in 1904. This painting is only one of three or four known paintings to exist from that early period of the artist’s career. It shows his talent for a muralist style and like most well known for representing. The oil on canvas painting is signed by the artist and dated 1904. To me, this painting stood out to me because it was one of the only paintings in the exhibit where it had only one person in the painting. In my opinion, it looks like â€Å"El Albanil† which in English, means the laborer, is about to go start working. Either that, or he is taking a break from work, but he definitely looks like he is in the middle of something. We will write a custom essay sample on The Laborer by diego rivera or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This painting looks like the man is upset about something. Maybe he believes that his heritage is being treated unfairly. After all, it is clearly obvious that this man is Mexican-American. Maybe he feels that he should be appreciated more rather than being looked at how people see him. Maybe he wants to do more with his life than just work for people. Or perhaps he is proud of the work that he does and is showing off by the stance he is in. The way Rivera made the oil on canvas look is just so magnificent. He makes it look like it’s sunny outside without anyone being able to see the sun. He does this by making the floor a bunch of different colors and by making the shovel and bucket have a shadow. It looks like its really bright on the floor and as it gets more and more to the left the colors start to change into a darker shade because the sun is not hitting that part inside. Also another thing that stood out to me was the wall. How it is dark and then becomes lighter. The way he made it look was as if the sun wasn’t hitting the inside wall but the wall that goes straight back is getting all the sun. There are many different shapes that I can point out in this picture; for example, his hat is a very strong shape as well as his bucket and shovel. The shirt he is wearing looks like a rectangular shape and the lower half of his body looks more round than is does square. The way the man is holding the shovel makes him look so masculine. Like he is in control of everything he does and doesn’t let anyone push him around or tell him what to do. It’s the way the oil defines the laborers features that makes it look so good. It’s also the way the colors look on his shirt, the way it changes from a light blue to a darker blue. It makes it look like he is standing big and tall. How his hat has a shadow can make a person tell that he is posing with his head in an upward position and usually that type of posture means that the person is very confident in themselves and not shy at all. In my opinion I find it odd that this man looks so confident in this painting because by the way he is dressed it seems like he does not come from a lot of money. Today, people who do not have a lot of money are not as confident or strong willed. However it looks like nothing is stopping this man, it seems like he does not care whether he is rich or poor, he will not let his minority classification bring down his dignity. He is proud of who he is and what he does. Like I stated before, it looks like this painting is about minority. From what I saw at the art museum, Diego Rivera focuses a lot on culture. And not just any culture, the kind of cultures that did not have a lot of money. Although these people don’t have money, they still make the best out of their lives because all they have is each other. This man looks like he is not sad, but confidant. He looks like he feels proud of himself and what he does. No one or nothing is going to stop him.

The Right To Privacy Essays - Digital Rights, Human Rights

The Right To Privacy In the United States Constitution and its subsequent amendments, there is in no place a reference to the so called ?Right to Privacy.? But in several Supreme Court Cases, the judges have ruled in favor of a certain decision by stating that people of the United States have a ?Right to Privacy.? How do these judges make the conclusion that there is a right to privacy guaranteed in the constitution, when it is not specifically written? The answer is, that they imply the power based on several of the already predefined amendments. In the Supreme Court Case, Gideons vs. Connecticut (1965), the Court ruled that the Connecticut law stating that no contraceptive may be used. The plaintiff argued that they should not be penalized for something they do in there own home. When the case reached the Supreme Court, the Court ruled in favor of the plaintiff, stating that there was a right to privacy in a man's home. In Mapp vs. Ohio, Police received an anonymous tip that there was a bomber inside the residence of a Mrs. Mapp. They came to her house, and she refused them in without a search warrant. The police came back later, handcuffed Mapp, and found several items of obscene material throughout her house. The supreme court ruled in favor the Mapp, stating the right to privacy in ones home, and the guarantees that the fourth and fourteenth amendments have. What gives the court the right to base a decision on the right to privacy? The first amendment to the constitution states that people have the rights of speech, religion, press, petition, and ?assembly.? More specifically, ?freedom to associate.? The court ruled that ?the disclosure of membership lists of a constitutionally valid association, was invalid.? It also ruled that ?we have protection in the associations that are not political in the customary sense, but pertain to the social, legal, and economic benefit of the members,? in NAACP vs. Button. Another reason why the right to privacy is implied is the fourth and fifth amendments. In Boyd vs. US, they are used as protection against invasions ?of the sanctity of a man's home and the privacies of life.? In Mapp vs. Ohio, the fourth amendment was referred to as ?a right to privacy, no less important than any other right carefully and particularly reserved to the people.? It is also referred to in Griswold vs. Connecticut case as ?the right to be left alone.? In NAACP vs. Alabama, the fourth and first amendments were used in conjunction to say ?we have the right to associate and to have privacy in one's associations.? Throughout the brief history of the Supreme Court, hundreds of cases have been held. Several of those cases have had the decision based on the ?right to privacy.? The problem is, that no where in any version or in any language does the United States Constitution specifically say we have a right to privacy. Even one of the most controversial cases in history, Roe vs. Wade, had a decision that was based at least partially on the ?right to privacy.? Whether it is written or implied by the courts, one thing is for sure, due to the ninth and fourteenth amendments, there is no way, that a state or national law will ever take away our so called ?Right to Privacy.? A Right To Privacy: Sure why not! American History

Nationalism in Europe essays

Nationalism in Europe essays Patriotism and nationalism mean essentially the same thing, only with different obvious connotations. When one thinks of patriotism in America, one thinks of the Fourth of July, fireworks, hamburger cook-outs, flags, war-heroes, and the Republican Party. When one thinks of nationalism, images are quickly brought to mind of the IRA, Al-Qaeda, Spanish Basque Countrys ETA, WWII concentration camps, nearly every war in history, and the Republican Party. It is interesting to observe how this notion is viewed in Europe as compared to the United States. In the United States, pride in ones country is regarded as a virtue. It shows honour, dignity, courage; even moral character. American pride is synonymous to the things America is founded upon: democracy, freedom, pursuits of happiness, and apple pie. It is in turn a reaction to a world in which dictators rule and terrorist groups threaten the lives and safety of innocent people. American patriotism actually becomes a reaction to foreign nationalism which these other groups are based upon, interestingly enough. There are far more flags flying over front yards in American homes than there are in Europe. In Venice, as a matter of fact, I remember seeing more PACE (peace) flags hanging out of peoples windows than I saw Italian flags or, even less, Venetian flags. Europeans seem to be a bit more sceptical of the idea of patriotism and might regard ones pride in his country as nationalistic. Bitterness toward national pride could be a reaction to the conflict between the US and Iraq, where third parties might view both sides motives as nationalistic. There are also the aforementioned examples of the separatist groups of Northern Ireland and Spain, also with which nationalism might be associated. All this makes sense in todays Europe where it almost seems like states are trying to forget their differences in order for everyon ...

Globalization And Culture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Globalization And Culture - Research Paper Example He argues that this is because of the commercialization of culture through media, affecting civilizational, religious and cultural values. The world is thus losing its cultural diversity and is arriving at a monocultural state, which is the resultant of the homogenization of cultures through globalization. II. The Origin of Globalization and its Impact on World Culture—Varying models Globalization is a universal phenomenon resulting from commercial interactions and trade between countries. Globalization accelerated from the 1870s until the beginning of the First World War in 1914, when all countries worldwide felt the effects of an international economy (Haynes, 2010p. 134). Various routes, by both land and sea, had been developed in historical times, whose main function was to facilitate trade. However, goods were not the only entities that were being exchanged. Religious and cultural exchanges were also widespread across these routes. For instance, the influence of Buddhism, which originated in India, on Central Asia, China, Tibet, Japan and South East Asia occurred due to trade contact among these countries; and the Silk route enabled cultural exchanges between Central Asia, China and Europe (Yazdani, 2009, p. 55). The effect of globalization on culture is explained using various models described below. However, no single model is enough to relate the actual s pread of globalization. A. Vanguardist Model The Vanguardist model puts forth the notion that European culture expanded from the West to the rest of the world.

Hospitality marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Hospitality marketing - Essay Example rms of implementing various marketing strategies especially promotional and advertising campaigns in order to communicate about their facilities and availabilities regarding foods and services to a large group of customers. They communicate about the offerings of their exceptional foods, services, designed lobbies as well as their attractive locations. Moreover, the hospitality industry also focuses to communicate about their quality and value based services for the customers (Shoemaker & Shaw 18). However, the product/service orientation approach has also certain drawbacks which might affect the performance of the companies operating in the hospitality industry. The major problem in the product/service orientation approach can be identified as the offerings of the organizations may not be adequate as per the needs and the desires of the customers (Shoemaker & Shaw 18). This orientation can potentially cause a gap between the expectations of the customers related to the offered product/service and the actual provided product/service. This orientation can positively affect word-of-mouth and customer loyalty due to reason that a satisfied customer will be willing to recommend the used service or product to his/her peers or colleagues. The operations orientation concept of an organization involves the categorization process of the operations in order to efficiently achieve the goals and objectives of the organization. The concept facilitates the organizations to design the roles and the responsibilities of the members allocated in different operational levels of the organization. The operations orientation concept aids to develop the practice in the operational divisions as per the needs and the requirements of the customers (Shoemaker & Shaw 17). However, the operations orientation concept also can impact on an organization’s efficient functioning due to an inadequate understanding of the consumer desires and needs which might create a gap between the services

Care and Management of Asthma

Care and Management of Asthma Asthma is a common incurable disease that affects the small tubes carrying air in and out of the lungs in the airways; it is more common at childhood stage but can also occur at a later age (British Lung Foundation, 2011). The major cause of asthma has not been determined but it is believed that some factors as allergies, exercise and common cold contribute to its development. In the United Kingdom, asthma is being handled primarily by a General Practitioner or nurse. Healthcare can be provided in three major means: Primary, Secondary and Tertiary. They are delivered depending on the severity of an individuals condition. General Practitioners (GPs), Pharmacists, Nurses, Dentists and Optometrists are the main classes of healthcare providers that deliver Primary care. It is the basically the first point of contact for most individuals (National Health Service Choices, 2010). Care distinctively provided in local hospitals is usually on referral from primary care health providers, such t ype of care is basically referred to as Secondary Care. The third aspect of care is the tertiary care which is provided by specialist such as neurologist and cardiologist in a majorly specialised hospital centre for long term treatment. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL OVERVIEW OF ASTHMA Major facts that make Asthma a major health issue in the UK are: In 2008, a total number of 1,204 deaths were recorded from asthma in the UK, out of which 29 were children aged 14 years and under. 1 person every 7 hours or 3 people per day die from asthma 146,000 adults and 36,000 children currently are on treatment for asthma in northern Ireland making it a sum total of 182,000 people (1 in 10)In Northern Ireland 182,000 people (1 in 10) are currently receiving treatment for asthma. This consists of 36,000 children and 146,000 adults. In Scotland 368,000 people are currently receiving treatment for asthma. This consists of 72,000 children and 296,000 adults. In Wales 314,000 people are currently receiving treatment for asthma. This consists of 59,000 children and 256,000 adults (Asthma UK, 2011). the number of adults with asthma in the UK has increased by 400,000 since the last audit of UK asthma in 2001 about 2% of adults consult their GP annually with asthma ASTHMA CARE AND MANAGEMENT AND LOCALITY STUDY OF UK Asthma exists in various forms hence; its heterogeneity has been well established by a variety of studies that have proven the disease risk from early environmental factors and susceptibility genes, inflammation and therapeutic agent response further induces accompanying diseases (Lang et al., 2011). Risk factors associated with asthma are family history of atopic disease, for example Allergic rhinitis Allergic conjunctivitis Male sex, for pre-pubertal asthma, and female sex, for persistence of asthma from childhood to adulthood Bronchiolitis in infancy Parental smoking, including passive smoking Premature birth, especially in extreme-preterm infants who required ventilatory support, with consequent chronic lung disease of prematurity (NHS Choices, 2011) In the UK, asthma is more common among children than in adults and also has an increased rate in women than men (NHS choices, 2010). A condition referred to as acute asthma exacerbation could occur and could sometimes be life-threatening but is mostly rare. Asthma patients are treated with care by GPs and nurses trained for asthma management and such treatments are specific to the symptoms portrayed by each patient. This treatment (Primary care) basically involves: A personal asthma procedural plan concurred with your GP or nurse An annual regular check ensuring proper control of the patients treatment and positive response to the treatment Proper seeking of the patients consent ensuring his/her decision is involved in decision making of his/her treatment Comprehensive detailed information about how to control and manage the patients condition; while a Secondary or Reactive care is enforced in emergency cases to regain control of more high-risk symptoms. In treating asthma, reliever inhalers are given to every patient by the GP; these inhalers serve as immediate relievers and ensure restoration of normal breathing. It functions effectively due to its composition of a short-acting beta2-agonist that works by relaxing the muscles surrounding the narrowed airways (British Medical Journal group, 2011). This further ensures the airways are opened wider, making it easier to breathe again. Salbutamol and terbutaline are common types of this inhaler. They have been proven to be generally safe except when their use is abused although they possess very few side effects. If the asthma is well controlled, then their usage will be minimal; if a patient uses the inhaler for up to three times or more weekly then it is advised that the treatment be reviewed Secondary care and management of asthma is implemented when Patients exhibit a combination of  severe asthma, behavioural and psychosocial features, they hence are at risk of developing near-fatal or fatal asthma. (BTS and SIGN, 2009). Asthma care is dependent on the age of the patients in that children have a different mode of care as compared to adults, a critical look at the adult care is elaborated below. Prior considerations are basically that the patient is registered with his GP, will have to book for an appointment with his GP before visiting (except in emergencies as acute exacerbations), confirmation with the patient of their understanding of the role of treatment, adherence to treatment, inhaler technique, and appropriate elimination of trigger factors as: exercise, drugs foods, emotional factors, weather changes, allergens etc (Shiang et al., 2009) In analyzing the delivery of care to asthma patients in the UK, data from Office for National Statistics shall be addressed. Table 1 below signifies that there was a remarkable decrease in hospital admission in 2000 for asthma; it showed a 45 percent decrease among children between ages 5 and 14 years and a 52 percent decrease among children below 5 years (Office for National Statistics, 2004). TABLE 1 The management of asthma is patient-specific and is delivered by either the GP or asthma nurse; a respiratory nurse specialist works closely with the GP and the patient serving as the best form of encouragement to the patient in the procedural management of his/her asthma condition. The respiratory nurse specialist has a critical role in the management of asthma as elaborated that he/she: Explains the need for various inhalers (ensuring the best is offered to the patient) and provides the patient with information on treatment administered Advices on triggers and how to keep off them Assists the patient in quitting smoking (if applicable) Explicates on how to monitor the condition Provides the action plan of treatment and explains it to the patient. Is always available for assistance both at home and on the phone (NHS Choices, 2006) Nurses are generally recruited into the NHS through the website www.nursebank.co.uk , the Association of Respiratory Nurse Specialists offer courses for development and training of nurses and promote clinical excellence in respiratory care delivery (Association of Respiratory Nurse Specialist, 2010). The selection of a professional nurse in a recruitment procedure is dependent on factors as Years of experience, area of expertise and personal record check. CRITIQUE ON ASTHMA CARE Asthma management involves a wide range of services including primary care, routine follow up, hospital inpatient and outpatient care, proper education and advice of patient, emergency calls and prescribed drugs; these services when combined with the intensity and level of use result to a high cost (Department of Health, 2011). In 2001, England recorded a net ingredient cost of  £442million and around  £33million for inhaled therapy Brocklebank et al (2001). In prescribing drugs, the patient is considered as whether or not to use the drug/device appropriately; the most effective and clinically proven cost effective drug is also reasonably considered. However, restrictions imposed on manufacturers make some inhalers commercially unavailable hence the use of more expensive drugs. The British Thoracic Society (BTS) and Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) have clinical guidelines on the use of inhalers for asthma (BTS and SIGN, 2009) however; there are inconsistencies or absence of recommendations for inhaler devices from these guidelines. Evidence-based guidelines are currently being prepared by the British Thoracic Society (BTS) and the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN). There are criticisms on the effectiveness of the inhaler which largely depends on technique of administration by patient considering experience, physical ability and education on usage (NHS centre for reviews and Dissemination, 2003) CONCLUSION The role of a nurse in quality care delivery cannot be overruled especially in a health condition as asthma which could be critical and possibly fatal. The initial primary care given to asthma patients and subsequent secondary care has been proven to be appropriate in that the health status of patients is being improved. The incorporation of a respiratory nurse specialist has been a major milestone in achieving a better health status for asthma patients in the United Kingdom. REFERENCES Association of Respiratory Nurse Specialist (2010) professional development Available at: http://www.arns.co.uk/pages/professional%20development.html (Accessed: 11 March 2011). Asthma UK (2011) For Journalists: Key facts and statistics Available at: http://www.asthma.org.uk/news_media/media_resources/for_journalists_key.html (Accessed: 5 March 2011). British Lung Foundation (2011) Asthma, Available at: http://www.lunguk.org/you-and-your-lungs/conditions-and-diseases/asthma (Accessed: 9 March 2011). British Medical Journal group (2011) Asthma in adults Available at: http://bestpractice.bmj.com/best-practice/pdf/patient-summaries/531553.pdf (Accessed: 12 March 2011). British National Formulatory (2010) NICE Technology Appraisal. Available at: http://bnf.org/bnf/extra/current/450034.htm (Accessed: 9 March 2011). British Thoracic Society, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (2009) British Guideline on the Management of Asthma: A national clinical guideline. Available at: http://www.sign.ac.uk/pdf/sign101.pdf (Accessed: 10 March 2011). Brocklebank, D.,  Ram, F.,  Wright, J.,  Barry, P.,  Cates, C.,  Davies, L.,  Douglas, G.,  Muers, M.,  Smith, D.,  White, J. Comparison of the effectiveness of inhaler devices in asthma and chronic obstructive airways disease: a systematic review of the literature Health Technology Assessment 5 (26) pp. 1-149. Pubmed [Online]. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11701099 (Accessed: 4 March 2011). Department of Health (2011) Prescription Cost Analysis 2001. Available at: http://www.doh.gov.uk/stats.pca2001.pdf (Accessed: 11 March 2011). Lang M., Erzurum S., C., Kavuru M. (2011) Asthma. Available at: http://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/medicalpubs/diseasemanagement/allergy/bronchial-asthma/ (Accessed: 12 March 2011). Medicines and Healthcare Regulatory Products Agency (2007) vol (1) drug safety update. Available at: http://www.mhra.gov.uk/Publications/Safetyguidance/DrugSafetyUpdate/CON2033216 (Accessed: 12 March 2011). NHS Centre for reviews and dissemination (2003) 8 (1) Inhaler devices for the management of asthma and COPD Available at: http://www.york.ac.uk/inst/crd/EHC/ehc81.pdf (Accessed: 10 March 2011). National Health Service Choices (2010) About the NHS. Available at: http://www.nhs.uk/NHSEngland/thenhs/about/Pages/nhsstructure.aspx (Accessed: 5 March, 2010). National Health Service Choices (2010) Acute asthma in adults-management in primary care. Available at: http://healthguides.mapofmedicine.com/choices/map/asthma_in_adults2.html (Accessed: 9 March 2011). National Health Service Choices (2006) The role of your Respiratory Nurse Specialist. Available at: http://www.chelwest.nhs.uk/documents/patientLeaflets/Asthma%20-%20The%20role%20of%20your%20Respiratory%20Nurse%20Specialist.pdf (Accessed: 11 March 2011). Office for National Statistics (2004) Asthma and allergies: Decrease in hospital admissions in 90s. Available at: http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=722Pos=1ColRank=1Rank=192 (Accessed: 8 March 2011). Shiang, C., Mauad, T.,  Senhorini, A., De Araà ºjo, B., Ferreira, D., Da Silva, L ., Dolhnikoff, M., Tsokos, M.,  Rabe, K.,  Pabst, R. (2009) Pulmonary periarterial inflammation in fatal asthma Clinical and Experimental Allergy 39 (10) pp. 1499-1507 Wiley [Online]. Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2009.03281.x/abstract (Accessed: 11 March 2011). LEARNING OUTCOME 2 LEADERSHIP IN NURSING AND ASSOCIATED PROFESSIONS A Leader is someone who guides or chairs a group of people or an organisation; it is common practice that a leader portrays some leadership skills to enable him/her be productive and effective. Cook (2001) describes a clinical nursing leader as someone who endlessly gets involved in direct patient care hence improving care by being of positive influence to others. All nurses (from those who provide direct care to the managers) need potent leadership skills. Mahoney (2001) emphasises that anyone (e.g. a nurse) who gives assistance to others or is responsible for other people is considered a leader; however, good leadership is reproducible superior performance targeted towards a long term benefit to everyone called for. John, (2011) has defined a manager as an individual with the sole responsibility to plan and direct the work of a group of people, ensuring proper monitoring and directives are followed. Management in nursing involves regarding leadership functions of administration and making appropriate decisions within organisations that employ nurses. SIMILARITIES BETWEEN LEADERS AND MANAGERS Leaders and managers go hand in hand, none of them tend to possess abilities that make them stand on their own, and there is no unique or particular way of managing people. Some basic similarities between managers and leaders are: People development: An effectual manager and leader have skills and abilities that tend towards the development of the people. Partnership working: the work of both a manager and a leader tend to be of a partnership level (Mather, 2009). Motivators: both leaders and managers are motivators of their subordinates DIFFERENCES BETWEEN LEADERS AND MANAGERS Thinking pattern: A major difference between a leader and manger is in their level of reasoning, Managers think incrementally, whilst leaders think radically; managers always work towards doing things rightly while leaders work in the perspective of doing the right thing (Richard, 1990). Loyalty: Subordinates are mostly subordinate to their leader than to their manager; this applies often because the leader takes credit in times of achievement and allocating merit to subordinates (John, 1990). Competencies: A nursing manager allocates resources and sets timetables while a nursing leader is someone who clarifies the big picture created by the manager and simplifies it, making the hospital/nursing homes vision more understandable to the staff and patients (Kristina R, 2009). Leadership is a very vital issue in the nursing practice because nursing requires knowledgeable, consistent and strong leaders, who inspire and boost peoples moral and support professional nursing practice. Nurses need to be both leaders and managers for some very key reasons as: An Advocate for quality care: a head nurse who serves as either a leader has to stand out in ensuring the needs of both the patients and nursing staff are adequately met, sometimes it will require a robust and bold person to stand before the board in defending these needs. An influential personality: the presence of an influential nurse handling an asthmatic patient will go a long way in guiding the patient in making informed choices; the patient becomes free and open to the nurse when she/he exhibits a high level of positive influence on the patient. CRITIQUE OF NURSING PUBLICATIONS IN RELATION TO LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT IN ASTHMATIC AND GENERAL NURSING CARE A report by the Royal College of Nursing (RCN) on the support by Asthma UK on RCNs frontline campaign published on 14th January 2011 is carefully analyzed highlighting the publishers aims of writing, lessons to be learnt, consequences of the article and its impact on positive care delivery. It was rightly stated in this article that about three-quarters of asthma emergency admissions can be avoided if proper care is delivered (Royal college of Nursing, 2011). This implies that the need for proper managerial skills needs to be adapted by the healthcare leaders to manage asthma patients which will ultimately lead to the reduction of emergency care delivery for asthma patients. He went further to stress that specialist nurses are the cohesive source of support and stability for care for asthma patients; this issue is supported by the Relationship theory of leadership (also known as transformational theory) which highlights the connection between the leader and the led (Kendra, 2011). Leaders that possess this trait tend to motivate and stir their followers to ensure maximum productivity is achieved. Focus is geared towards the performance of the group members. When a leader with such trait is employed, the function of the specialist will be balanced on both as a helper of the patient and a confidant to the patient. He also said that the role of a specialist nurse has reduced hospital admissions from 22% to 6%, hence saving the National Health Service billions of pounds annually. The writer concluded by turning down the practise of relieving the specialist nurses of their jobs and employing other nurses and ward clerks to fit into their roles which he said the adverse effects were of greater negative impacts as costing the NHS more finance and damage the lives of the patients already receiving care by the specialist nurses. The lessons from this article cannot be over-emphasized in that there is an immediate need for the employment of more specialist nurses to manage asthmatic patients better and to save the lives of their patients. A similar report by Akinsanya (2009) on the Exacerbations of severe asthma; psychosocial predictors and the impact of a nurse-led clinic stated that the need for alternate management approaches is paramount in caring for people with severe asthma. He also recommended further findings on the social and psychological aspects of asthma management. Recommendations were also made on the holistic approach for long-term management of asthmatic patients (Akinsanya, 2009). This report clearly shows the application of the contingency leadership theory that postulates the influence of variables that relate to the environment on the determination of the specific leadership style fit for a situation (Kendra, 2011); it further implies the need for a paradigm shift on the care for acute asthmatic patients towards need for more nurse specialists. PERSONAL REFLECTIONS ON LEADERSHIP AND MANAGERIAL SKILLS As a major role player in healthcare delivery, nurses have inevitable functions. This Portfolio has given me an in depth understanding in various areas of my practice as: Efficiency: I have learnt that my level of efficiency has a vital impact in saving asthmatic patients lives; it will help ease the huge financial burden on Government by saving extra expenses. Leadership skills: According to the great man theory of leadership (Management Study Guide, 2011a) which denotes that some people are born with inherent leadership skills which become apparent when great needs arise. I have understood that as a nurse, I can lead rightly and manage people if I can nurture the greatness in me. In enhancing my managerial skills, I will give room for creativity in my area of work by combining both human and non-human resources (Management Study Guide, 2011b) to achieve the designed goal. Team work is also a very good point I learnt from this report in that I cannot be an effective leader if I am regarded as the only member of my team succeeding, there has to be a cohesive effort from all. Care delivery: The focus is on the nurses to serve as interlocutors between the GP and patient ensuring the patient adheres to prescriptions and that the nurse is always available for assistance by the patient. CONCLUSION The difference between a leader and manager is quite small and most leaders tend to end up as managers. Asthmatic guidelines need to be reviewed often to improve its managerial aspect of care. Nurses are relevant care deliverers and all need to develop leadership and managerial skills in order to safe guard the healthcare of the United Kingdom.

Navigating the Global- Lost in Translation

The 21st century term, globalization, conceptualizes the contemporary breakdown of traditional barriers and structures between cultural paradigms, culminating in an increasingly interconnected and complex global environment. Manfred Stager, REMIT Professor of Global Studies, describes this trend as the â€Å"increasing desalination of conventional parameters within which individuals imagine their communal existence†. Focusing on the redefinition of cultural and physical boundaries, the quote theorizes the complex and Indeterminate nature of an Interconnected world, and as a result. E uncertainty experienced by Individuals who attempt to navigate it. Sophie Copula's â€Å"Lost in Translation† (2003) comments on agglutination's progressive development toward cultural uniformity, utilizing Tokyo to exhibit habitations of Western and Japanese cultures. Similarly, Witt limeade's â€Å"The Whale† explores the invasion of global forces into Maori culture, depicting the increasing stratifications of traditional values and their eventual submergence by the dominant Western Influence.Both texts explore the conflict between global and local, as well as the need to adapt for individuals to form meaningful connections ND a sense of self-identity. The conflict between local and global forces is the underlying message of â€Å"Lost†, focusing on the Journey of Bob and Charlotte as they attempt to navigate the cultural uncertainty of Tokyo. Copula capitalizes on Tokyo modern Identity of a technically- advanced hybrid city, using It as a synecdoche for the spread of global Influences, namely Westernizes and the increasing prevalence of technology.The film commences with a taxi ride through the urban centre of Tokyo, featuring an advertisement of the protagonist, Bob, an American movie star, surrounded by Japanese signs and banners. The inclusion of intense neon-lighting is juxtaposed by camera close-ups of Japanese characters, serving to highlight th e combination of the traditional and modern-day, specifically the global pressure toward technology. The Increasing Influence of western culture Is shown by Bob's advertisement being dominating over its Japanese counterparts through the use of camera framing, central placement and MIS en scene.The paradoxical use of an American actor to advertise a Japanese whisky also comments on the decline of Japanese culture, instead replaced by preference of global westernizes images and influences. Despite the physical location of Japan, Copula emphases the deterioration of Japanese culture when faced by globalization and therefore, the conflict between the local and global. In â€Å"The Whale†, Witt Alhambra similarly explores the conflict between local and global, namely the extension of Westernizes and as a consequence, the dissolution of Maori culture.The short story characterizes a Maori elder as he struggles to preserve his native heritage and tradition, stating â€Å"[The others ] felt the pull of the Apache Maori word â€Å"Apache†, meaning white man, both emphasis the increasing influence of Western culture, in correspondence with the ideas explored in â€Å"Lost†. This is paralleled by the motif of the meeting house, representative of the Maori culture, â€Å"The outtake work is pitted with cigarette burns†¦ A name has been chipped into a carved panel†, depicting not only the physical defacement of the temple but also the cultural deterioration of the Maori.As explored in â€Å"Lost†, the final line, â€Å"the whale lifts a fluke of its giant tail to beat the air with its dying agony', metaphorically alludes to he inevitable nature of global hybrid and destruction of cultural diversity, epitomizing the conflict between local and global. In â€Å"Lost†, the increasingly complex global environment is explored through Bob and Charlotte cultural displacement, which they are able to overcome through emotional connectio ns.Attracted to each other by their cultural similarities and local origins, Bob and Charlotte form a relationship based on mutual loneliness and uneasiness within Japan's unfamiliar surroundings, emphasized in a medium shot of Bob and Charlotte fidgeting in a hotel elevator, in Juxtaposition to the motionless Japanese tarots. Evident in the close-up take of Charlotte leaning on Bob's shoulder in a karaoke bar, their emotional bond enables them to adapt and find connections to Japan's fast-paced global culture with greater confidence.Illustrated through wide- shot tinged with a neutral palette, Charlotte blends indistinguishably among the Japanese crowd in the busy Tokyo street, and Bob's final Journey to Tokyo airport is captured by a hand-held camera panning across Tokyo urban skyline, symbolizing their renewed sense of acceptance and self-identity within the global landscape. Hence, in Lost in Translation, Copula emphasizes the need for individuals to adapt to the global influenc es shaping our world, and to realize our own existence and individuality beyond cultural paradigms.This concept is similarly explored in â€Å"The Whale†, however, in contrast to â€Å"Lost†, the inability to adapt to global influences leads to further cultural displacement and isolation. The protagonist's retreat from the cultural influences of globalization is illustrated in the melancholy tone of â€Å"Better to die than to see this changing world. He is too old for it. He is stranded here†, revealing his feelings of alienation within an increasingly westernizes world.His cultural isolation is explored repeatedly through the use of exclusion pronouns, writing â€Å"They wave at him, and beckon him to Join them. He turns away', again metaphorically showing his rejection of globalization and instead choosing to solely clinging to his traditional beliefs. The desertion by his people for the popularized western society alongside his inability to adapt catalyst t he emotional impact of his cultural, epitomized by the bleak statement â€Å"He will be glad to die†. Unlike â€Å"Lost†, the protagonist is

How the Concentration Affects the Rate of the Reaction

Title Page Number Diagram of Apparatus Introduction Risk Assessment ` Table of Results Line of Best Fit Graph Error Bars Graph Gradients Graph Analysis †¢ Error Bars Analysis Evaluation †¢ Improvement Assessment †¢ Improved Experiment. †¢ Reliability References Introduction: For this data analysis project, I conducted and experiment to investigate how the concentration of an acid affects the rate of the reaction.I have set up the experiment’s equipment as shown on figure 1. As you can see by figure 1, I have used the reaction between sodium thisoulphate solution and hydrochloric acid (HCL) to come up with results that will help me draw conclusions regarding the effects of the concentration of the acid. I decided to use this particular reaction due to the fact that the product of the reaction between sodium thisoulphate and hydrochloric acid (HCL) is precipitates of sulphur which tend to turn the solution cloudy.As a result, the cross beneath the conical fla sk (see figure 1) would disappear/ become difficult to be seen when the reaction has taken place. Therefore, the idea is that 50 cm? of sodium thisoulphate are made to react with 5 cm? of hydrochloric acid that is of different concentration each time. The concentrations of hydrochloric acid used varied from 0. 1 to 5 moles. Afterwards, the cross is observed through the top of the conical flask until it because invisible. The time of which this happens is then recorded and monitored using a stopwatch.The symbol equation of this reaction is as follows: The above symbol equation shows the reaction: Sodium thisoulphate reacts with hydrochloric acid to form sodium chloride, water, precipitate of sulphur as well as sulphur dioxide. The results that I recorded from this experiment were poor. This is because they were not entirely accurate and did not make sense. As a result, my teacher gave me a different set of results that were recorded at different temperatures to analyse and help me wr ite up.The table of results (table 2), shows the results obtained at 3 different trials of the same experiment. The reason behind repeating the experiment 3 times is to ensure that the result’s reliability is of a satisfactory level. After the experiment was conducted, I looked back at the equipment I used as well as the steps I carried out during the process. I did so to recognize the risks associated with carrying out such experiments. To prevent or minimize such risks in future experiments, I conducted a risk assessment that is shown on the following page: Risk Assessment Risk |Damage |Prevention Method | |Hydrochloric Acid (HCL) |Hydrochloric acid is corrosive. |Eye protection must be worn at all times during | | |Therefore it can damage skin. |the experiment. | | |It can also damage eyes. |Ensure it does not come into contact with skin | | | |and if it does rinse thoroughly. |Conical Flask (glass) |Can roll down the bench |Make sure apparatus made of glass are not | | |B roken glass can cut/damage skin. |chipped. | | | |Wear gloves if possible | | | |Be careful when handling glass. | | | | | | | | |Sodium Thisoulphate |Inhalation may cause irritation and coughing. |Avoid contact with eyes and skin. | | |Skin and eye contact might cause irritation and |Do not inhale on purpose. | |damage | | |Paper |1. A risk of a paper cut is possible. |1. Careful while handling paper and if paper cut| | | |occurs rinse and do not come in contact with | | | |hydrochloric acid. Risk Assessment (Table 2) Analysis: Outliers: Table 2 summarises the results of this experiment. As you can see, a couple of outliers have occurred during the experiment. I decided that a difference of more than 30 seconds between a result and the others obtained from repeating the same experiment indicates that this result is an outlier. Therefore the two outliers are ringed on table 2, so that they are made clear. For instance, the results recorded for the third experiment using 0. 1 moles c oncentrated hydrochloric acid is 583 seconds.This is clearly an outlier due to the fact that the other results are 683 and 626 seconds, making the result of 583 seconds clearly distant and therefore is classed as an anomaly. Another outlier that has occurred is the result for the 3rd trial using 4. 0 moles hydrochloric acid. Here the outlier is 132 seconds, while the other trials show results that vary from 160 to 165 seconds. Graph Analysis: The first graph (figure 2) states the averages of the recordings. I have used a line of best fit on this graph to identify the trends between the results.Firstly, the graph shows overall that the experiment has gone as expected. This is because it looks very similar to the graph in the chemistry text book as well as ones found on the internet. The general trend that is shown by this experiment (as seen on figure 2) is that as the concentration of the hydrochloric acid increase, the rate of the reaction also increases, as the reaction takes less time to take place. Therefore, the experiment shows that the concentration of the acid is directly proportional to the rate of the reaction. From 0. to 0. 5 Moles: As you can see by figure 2, when 0. 1 moles of hydrochloric acid were used, the reaction was at its slowest, taking 656 seconds to take place. From 0. 1 to 0. 5 moles, the rate of the reaction increased significantly with the reaction only taking around half the time: 379 seconds to take place. At the start, the line of best fit has a gradient of 0. 000152 moles per second (m/s). I worked this out using the equation x/y = 0. 1/656 = 0. 000152 m/s. At 0. 5 moles, the gradient of the graph increases rapidly to 0. 00132 m/s.This calculation reinforces that the reaction is at its slowest at the beginning with the sulphur precipitate taking the least amount of time to cloud the solution and causing the cross to become invisibile. This is because a low concentration of hydrochloric acid means that not as much molecules are ava ilable to collide, making molecular collision much less likely (). From 0. 5 to 1 Moles: From 0. 5 to 1 moles, the time taken for the reaction to take place decreases further as the rate of the reaction increases. Therefore the precipitate of sulphur is taking less time to form ().The gradient of the graph also increases as a result to 0. 00357 m/s. I have worked this out using the same equation as above: x/y= 1/280. This indicates that the rate of the reaction keeps on increasing as the concentration of the hydrochloric acid increases. From 1 to 2 Moles: By increasing the concentration of the acid from 1 to 2 moles, the rate of the reaction kept on increasing by taking less time for the reaction to occur. This is again shown by the line of best fit on figure 2, which at this point in the graph has a gradient of 0. 0913 m/s (x/y = 2/219), which is nearly triple the gradient stated previously. The rate of the reaction is a measure of how quickly this reaction is taking place. As you can see by the negative correlation between the time and the molarity of the acid shown on figure 2, the rate of the reaction keeps on increasing as the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is increasing. This result is supported by the collision theory. This theory indicates that for a reaction to occur, the particles or molecules must collide with each other to form a reaction.Infact, they need to collide hard enough for the reaction to become a successful one as well, since only a certain fraction of the total collisions actually result in a chemical change (). When those successful collisions occur, they have enough activation energy to break existing bonds and form new bonds, resulting in a chemical reaction and a new product being formed (). Increasing the concentration of a solution means increasing the amount of molecules that are available in that solution.Therefore, increasing the concentration of the hydrochloric acid from 1 to 2 moles is increasing the amount of molecu les in the acid that would be available to collide and cause a reaction. Therefore, this means that there would be more particles per dm?. The fact that more particles are available explains why the rate of the reaction becomes faster. This is because the more particles there are, the more successful molecular collision would be happening, which increases the rate of which the reaction occurs. This aspect of the collision theory is illustrated by the diagram below:The Collision Theory (figure 5) (). As you can see by the diagram above, the amount of collisions happening per second is a major factor that determines how quickly or slowly the rate of the reaction goes. Therefore a high concentration increases the chances of collisions and consequently results in an increase in the rate of the reaction. From 2 to 4 Moles: When increasing the concentration of the hydrochloric acid again from 2 to 4 moles, the trend still obeys the collision theory as far as the increase in the rate of th e reaction is concerned.This is reinforced by the dramatic gradient increase to 0. 025 m/s (x/y = 4/163), which is shown by figure 2 as well as 4. According to the collision theory, it is expected that when the concentration of the hydrochloric acid doubles, the rate of the reaction will tend to double as a result too. On the other hand this does not seem to be the case in this experiment, since the time take for the reaction to take place when 2 moles hydrochloric acid was used is 219 seconds, while it is 163 seconds when 4 moles hydrochloric acid is used.This indicates that the reaction happening at this experiment was not a perfect one. This could be as a result of human error or other factors affecting the rate of the reaction, which will be discussed later. From 4 to 5 Moles: Finally, by increasing the concentration of the hydrochloric acid used from 4 to 5 moles, the rate of the reaction was increased to become at its highest during this experiment, with the steepest gradient of 0. 035 m/s (x/y = 5/141).This implies that the amount of successful molecular collisions here are the highest with the sulphur precipitate clouding the solution in the quickest rate of time (141 seconds). Thus, the cross disappeared at the quickest rate as well. Error Bars Analysis: The second graph (figure 3) is a graph of error bars. Error bars show the range of results. I have drawn this graph since it is a visual account of the experiment’s reliability and so, it would help me decide whether the experiment was accurate enough or not. As you can see, the size of the error ars on figure 3 varies from small to large ones. I have decided that a bar range of 5 small squares on the graph is a reasonable maximum to detect the experiments accuracy. So, any range bars that vary above 5 small squares show inaccurate set of results. The error bars drawn on figure 3 show that the results obtained from 0. 1 to 0. 5 moles are rather inaccurate. This is because the error bars illustr ated for those set of results are relatively big, showing a difference of from 6 to 10 small squares. This implies that those results with big error bars are quite poor and lack accuracy.However, the rest of the experiments show relatively small error bars. In addition, the error bars seem to be getting smaller and smaller with a bar range that varies below 5 or 4 small squares. This proves that the results keep getting more and more accurate towards the end of the experiment which makes. Overall I believe that the results of this experiment are 71% accurate. This is because 5 out of 7 of the error bars had a small range, leaving 2 out of 7 of the error bars with rather big range bars. Evaluation: